The socio-economic activities due to world development are promoting increasing pressures on land, creating competition and conflicts, resulting in suboptimal use of resources. There is a need to find new strategies for sustainable development that link social and economic progress with environmental protection and enhancement. Electrokinetic transport processes (EK) uses a low-level direct current as a “cleaning agent”. EK has been applied to the remediation of polluted soils and other contaminated matrices. It also shows a great potential to be used in different fields, as in saline soil restoration, nutrients recovery from wastes or repair and maintenance of building structures. EK introduces a new integrated approach aiming at sustainable development and to support waste strategies with worldwide interest. EK can also be coupled with phytoremediation and integrated with nanotechnology, enlarging the scope of its application. The use of EK in the recovery of secondary resources, remediation, and conservation, is a multidisciplinary and novel approach. EK opens up new technical possibilities for waste minimization, through upgrading of particulate waste products, and the recovery of secondary resources for industrial, agricultural or social use.
